Question of agent of camel balantidiosis solved: Molecular identity, taxonomic solution and epidemiological considerations.

Domestic camels (Camelus bactrianus, the Bactrian camel; and Camelus dromedarius, the dromedary) are pseudo-ruminant herbivores kept as livestock in rural, inhospitable regions (cold deserts and dry steppes of Asia, arid to semi-arid regions of Africa, western and central Asia). Their close contact with humans makes them a potential reservoir for zoonotic parasite infections, as has been suggested for human balantidiasis. However, there is confusion about the ciliate species that infects camels: Infundibulorium cameli was originally described in dromedaries, but this name has almost never been used and most authors identified their findings as Balantioides coli and, to a lesser extent, Buxtonella sulcata, a cattle ciliate. To clarify the taxonomic status of the parasite and the corresponding zoonotic significance for camels, we performed morphological characterization of cysts and genetic analysis (SSU-rDNA and ITS markers) of B. coli-like isolates from Bactrian camels from Bulgaria and from dromedaries from Spain and the United Arab Emirates. Our results indicate that the camel ciliate is not B. coli, nor is it B. sulcata, but is a different species that should be placed in the same genus as the latter. Thus, camels are not a reservoir for human balantidiasis. Although the correct genus name would be Infundibulorium according to the principle of priority, this would lead to confusion since this name has almost fallen into disuse since its initial description, but Buxtonella is almost universally used by researchers and veterinarians for the cattle ciliate. We therefore propose to apply the reversal of precedence and use Buxtonella as the valid genus name. Consequently, we propose Buxtonella cameli n.comb. as the name for the camel ciliate.

Secondary use of data extracted from a clinical information system to assess the adherence of tidal volume and its impact on outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: To extract data from clinical information systems to automatically calculate high-resolution quality indicators to assess adherence to recommendations for low tidal volume. DESIGN: We devised two indicators: the percentage of time under mechanical ventilation with excessive tidal volume (>8mL/kg predicted body weight) and the percentage of patients who received appropriate tidal volume (≤8mL/kg PBW) at least 80% of the time under mechanical ventilation. We developed an algorithm to automatically calculate these indicators from clinical information system data and analyzed associations between them and patients' characteristics and outcomes. SETTINGS: This study has been carried out in our 30-bed polyvalent intensive care unit between January 1, 2014 and November 30, 2019. PATIENTS: All patients admitted to intensive care unit ventilated >72h were included. INTERVENTION: Use data collected automatically from the clinical information systems to assess adherence to tidal volume recommendations and its outcomes. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Mechanical ventilation days, ICU length of stay and mortality. RESULTS: Of all admitted patients, 340 met the inclusion criteria. Median percentage of time under mechanical ventilation with excessive tidal volume was 70% (23%-93%); only 22.3% of patients received appropriate tidal volume at least 80% of the time. Receiving appropriate tidal volume was associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay. Patients receiving appropriate tidal volume were mostly male, younger, taller, and less severely ill. Adjusted intensive care unit mortality did not differ according to percentage of time with excessive tidal volume or to receiving appropriate tidal volume at least 80% of the time. CONCLUSIONS: Automatic calculation of process-of-care indicators from clinical information systems high-resolution data can provide an accurate and continuous measure of adherence to recommendations. Adherence to tidal volume recommendations was associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay.

Secondary use of data extracted from a clinical information system to assess the adherence of tidal volume and its impact on outcomes / Uso secundario de los datos del Sistema de Información Clínica para evaluar la adherencia a las guías de práctica clínica respecto al volumen tidal y su impacto en los resultados

Objectives To extract data from clinical information systems to automatically calculate high-resolution quality indicators to assess adherence to recommendations for low tidal volume. Design We devised two indicators: the percentage of time under mechanical ventilation with excessive tidal volume (>8mL/kg predicted body weight) and the percentage of patients who received appropriate tidal volume (≤8mL/kg PBW) at least 80% of the time under mechanical ventilation. We developed an algorithm to automatically calculate these indicators from clinical information system data and analyzed associations between them and patients’ characteristics and outcomes. Settings This study has been carried out in our 30-bed polyvalent intensive care unit between January 1, 2014 and November 30, 2019. Patients All patients admitted to intensive care unit ventilated >72h were included. Intervention Use data collected automatically from the clinical information systems to assess adherence to tidal volume recommendations and its outcomes. Main variables of interest Mechanical ventilation days, ICU length of stay and mortality. Results Of all admitted patients, 340 met the inclusion criteria. Median percentage of time under mechanical ventilation with excessive tidal volume was 70% (23%–93%); only 22.3% of patients received appropriate tidal volume at least 80% of the time. Receiving appropriate tidal volume was associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay. Patients receiving appropriate tidal volume were mostly male, younger, taller, and less severely ill. Adjusted intensive care unit mortality did not differ according to percentage of time with excessive tidal volume or to receiving appropriate tidal volume at least 80% of the time (AU)

Objetivos Extraer los datos del Sistema de Información Clínica para calcular automáticamente indicadores de calidad de alta resolución para evaluar la adherencia a las recomendaciones sobre el volumen tidal. Diseño Ideamos 2 indicadores: el porcentaje de tiempo en ventilación mecánica con volumen tidal excesivo (>8mL/kg peso ideal) y el porcentaje de pacientes con volumen tidal apropiado (≤8mL/kg peso ideal) al menos el 80% del tiempo en ventilación mecánica. Desarrollamos un algoritmo para calcular automáticamente dichos indicadores con los datos del Sistema de Información Clínica y analizamos su asociación con las características de los pacientes y su evolución. Ambiente El estudio se llevó a cabo en una unidad de cuidados intensivos polivalente de 30 camas desde el 1 enero 2014 hasta el 20 noviembre 2019. Pacientes Se incluyeron en el estudio todos los pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos conectados a ventilación mecánica>72h. Intervención Usar los datos recogidos automáticamente desde el Sistema de Información Clínica para evaluar la adherencia a las recomendaciones del volumen tidal y sus resultados. Principales variables de interés Días de ventilación mecánica, días de estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y mortalidad. Resultados De todos los pacientes ingresados, 340 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El tiempo medio de ventilación mecánica con volumen tidal excesivo fue 70% (23-93%); solo el 22,3% de los pacientes recibió un volumen tidal apropiado al menos el 80% del tiempo. Recibir un volumen tidal apropiado se asoció con menos días de ventilación mecánica y de estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Los pacientes que recibieron un volumen tidal apropiado fueron más frecuentemente hombres, más jóvenes, más altos y menos graves (AU)

Cross-cultural adaptation of the SCORE survey and evaluation of the impact of Real-Time Random Safety Audits in organizational culture: A multicenter study / Adaptación transcultural de la encuesta SCORE y evaluación del impacto de los análisis aleatorios de seguridad en tiempo real en la cultura organizacional: estudio multicéntrico

Objective To establish a cross-cultural adaptation of the Safety, Communication, Operational Reliability, and Engagement (SCORE) survey and to use this instrument to evaluate the impact of a safety intervention. Design Cross-cultural adaptation and before-and-after evaluation study. Setting 5 ICU. Participants Medical residents, attending physicians, and nurses at those ICU. Interventions Adaptation of the SCORE survey to Spanish culture. The adapted survey was used to assess all safety-culture-related domains before and one-year after implementing the use of a safety tool, Real-Time Random Safety Audits (in Spanish: Análisis Aleatorios de Seguridad en Tiempo Real, AASTRE). Main outcome measure Adaptabiliy of the Spanish version of SCORE survey in the ICU setting and evaluation of the effect of AASTRE on their domains. Results The cross-cultural adaptation was adequate. Post-AASTRE survey scores [mean (standard deviation, SD)] were significantly better in the domains learning environment [50.55 (SD 20.62) vs 60.76 (SD 23.66), p<.0001], perception of local leadership [47.98 (SD 23.57) vs 62.82 (SD 27.46), p<.0001], teamwork climate [51.19 (SD 18.55) vs 55.89 (SD 20.25), p=.031], safety climate [45.07 (SD 17.60) vs 50.36 (SD 19.65), p=.01], participation decision making [3 (SD 0.82) vs 3.65 (SD 0.87), p<.0001] and advancement in the organization [3.21 (SD 0.77) vs 4.04 (SD 0.77), p<.0001]. However, post-AASTRE scores were significantly worse in the domains workload and burnout climate. Conclusions The cross-cultural adaptation of the SCORE survey into Spanish is a useful tool for ICUs. The application of the AASTRE is associated with improvements in six SCORE domains, including the safety climate (AU)Objetivo

Establecer una adaptación transcultural de la encuesta SCORE (Safety, Communication, Operational Reliability, and Engagement) y utilizar este instrumento para evaluar el impacto de una intervención en seguridad. Diseño Adaptación transcultural y análisis pre/post de la encuesta después de la intervención. Entorno Cinco UCI. Participantes Médicos residentes, médicos adjuntos y enfermeras. Intervenciones Adaptación de la encuesta SCORE al castellano. La encuesta adaptada se utilizó para medir el efecto en la organización (antes y un año después) de la utilización de una herramienta de seguridad, los análisis aleatorios de seguridad en tiempo real (AASTRE). Medidas principales La adaptabilidad de la versión española en el entorno de la UCI y la evaluación del efecto AASTRE en sus dominios. Resultados La adaptación intercultural fue adecuada. Las puntuaciones medias postintervención fueron mejores en los dominios, media (desviación estándar [DE]): entorno de aprendizaje (50,55 [DE 20,62] vs. 60,76 [DE 23,66], p<0,0001), percepción del liderazgo (47,98 [DE 23,57] vs. 62,82 [DE 27,46], p<0,0001), clima de trabajo en equipo (51,19 [DE 18,55] vs. 55,89 [DE 20,25], p=0,031), clima de seguridad (45,07 [DE 17,60] vs. 50,36 [DE 19,65]), participación en toma de decisiones (3 [DE 0,82] vs. 3,65 [DE 0,87], p<0,0001) y crecimiento dentro de la organización (3,21 [DE 0,77] vs. 4,04 [DE 0,77], p<0,0001). En postintervención fueron peores los dominios: carga de trabajo y clima de burnout. Conclusiones La adaptación transcultural de la encuesta SCORE es un instrumento útil. La aplicación del AASTRE se asocia con mejoras en 6 dominios del SCORE, incluido el clima de seguridad (AU)

Cross-cultural adaptation of the SCORE survey and evaluation of the impact of Real-Time Random Safety Audits in organizational culture: A multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a cross-cultural adaptation of the Safety, Communication, Operational Reliability, and Engagement (SCORE) survey and to use this instrument to evaluate the impact of a safety intervention. DESIGN: Cross-cultural adaptation and before-and-after evaluation study. SETTING: 5 ICU. PARTICIPANTS: Medical residents, attending physicians, and nurses at those ICU. INTERVENTIONS: Adaptation of the SCORE survey to Spanish culture. The adapted survey was used to assess all safety-culture-related domains before and one-year after implementing the use of a safety tool, Real-Time Random Safety Audits (in Spanish: Análisis Aleatorios de Seguridad en Tiempo Real, AASTRE). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Adaptabiliy of the Spanish version of SCORE survey in the ICU setting and evaluation of the effect of AASTRE on their domains. RESULTS: The cross-cultural adaptation was adequate. Post-AASTRE survey scores [mean (standard deviation, SD)] were significantly better in the domains learning environment [50.55 (SD 20.62) vs 60.76 (SD 23.66), p<.0001], perception of local leadership [47.98 (SD 23.57) vs 62.82 (SD 27.46), p<.0001], teamwork climate [51.19 (SD 18.55) vs 55.89 (SD 20.25), p=.031], safety climate [45.07 (SD 17.60) vs 50.36 (SD 19.65), p=.01], participation decision making [3 (SD 0.82) vs 3.65 (SD 0.87), p<.0001] and advancement in the organization [3.21 (SD 0.77) vs 4.04 (SD 0.77), p<.0001]. However, post-AASTRE scores were significantly worse in the domains workload and burnout climate. CONCLUSIONS: The cross-cultural adaptation of the SCORE survey into Spanish is a useful tool for ICUs. The application of the AASTRE is associated with improvements in six SCORE domains, including the safety climate.

Mechanical ventilation in Spain, 1998-2016: Changes in the disconnection of mechanical ventilation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in the disconnection of mechanical ventilation in Spain from 1998 to 2016. DESIGN: Post-hoc analysis of four cohort studies. AMBIT: 138 Spanish ICUs. PATIENTS: 2141 patients scheduled extubated. INTERVENTIONS: None. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Demographics, reason for mechanical ventilation, complications, methods for disconnection, failure on the first attempt at disconnection, duration of weaning, reintubation, post-reintubation tracheotomy, ICU stay and mortality. RESULTS: There was a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the use of gradual reduction of support pressure. The adjusted probability of using the gradual reduction in pressure support versus a spontaneous breathing trial has increased over time, both for the first attempt at disconnection (taking the 1998 study as a reference: odds ratio 0.99 in 2004, 0.57 in 2010 and 2.43 in 2016) and for difficult/prolonged disconnection (taking the 1998 study as a reference: odds ratio 2.29 in 2004, 1.23 in 2010 and 2.54 in 2016). The proportion of patients extubated after the first attempt at disconnection has increased over time. There is a decrease in the ventilation time dedicated to weaning (from 45% in 1998 to 36% in 2016). However, the duration in difficult/prolonged weaning has not decreased (median 3 days in all studies, p = 0.435). CONCLUSIONS: There have been significant changes in the mode of disconnection of mechanical ventilation, with a progressive increase in the use of gradual reduction of pressure support. No relevant changes in outcomes have been observed.

Ventilation support in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Strategy and indication.

The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has generated a need for knowledge, new concepts in pathophysiology and an increase of the use of respiratory support in highly complex patients. This fact has provoked the need to evolve to the concept of personalized ventilatory support according to the patient's response to treatment.

Mechanical ventilation in Spain, 1998-2016: changes in the disconnection of mechanical ventilation. / Ventilación mecánica en España, 1998-2016: cambios en la desconexión de la ventilación mecánica.

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in the disconnection of mechanical ventilation in Spain from 1998 to 2016. DESIGN: Post-hoc analysis of four cohort studies. AMBIT: 138 Spanish ICUs. PATIENTS: 2141 patients scheduled extubated. INTERVENTIONS: None. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Demographics, reason for mechanical ventilation, complications, methods for disconnection, failure on the first attempt at disconnection, duration of weaning, reintubation, post-reintubation tracheotomy, ICU stay and mortality. RESULTS: There was a significant increase (p<0.001) in the use of gradual reduction of support pressure. The adjusted probability of using the gradual reduction in pressure support versus a spontaneous breathing trial has increased over time, both for the first attempt at disconnection (taking the 1998 study as a reference: odds ratio 0.99 in 2004, 0.57 in 2010 and 2.43 in 2016) and for difficult/prolonged disconnection (taking the 1998 study as a reference: odds ratio 2.29 in 2004, 1.23 in 2010 and 2.54 in 2016). The proportion of patients extubated after the first attempt at disconnection has increased over time. There is a decrease in the ventilation time dedicated to weaning (from 45% in 1998 to 36% in 2016). However, the duration in difficult/prolonged weaning has not decreased (median 3 days in all studies, p=0.435). CONCLUSIONS: There have been significant changes in the mode of disconnection of mechanical ventilation, with a progressive increase in the use of gradual reduction of pressure support. No relevant changes in outcomes have been observed.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the SCORE survey and evaluation of the impact of Real-Time Random Safety Audits in organizational culture: A multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a cross-cultural adaptation of the Safety, Communication, Operational Reliability, and Engagement (SCORE) survey and to use this instrument to evaluate the impact of a safety intervention. DESIGN: Cross-cultural adaptation and before-and-after evaluation study. SETTING: 5 ICU. PARTICIPANTS: Medical residents, attending physicians, and nurses at those ICU. INTERVENTIONS: Adaptation of the SCORE survey to Spanish culture. The adapted survey was used to assess all safety-culture-related domains before and one-year after implementing the use of a safety tool, Real-Time Random Safety Audits (in Spanish: Análisis Aleatorios de Seguridad en Tiempo Real, AASTRE). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Adaptabiliy of the Spanish version of SCORE survey in the ICU setting and evaluation of the effect of AASTRE on their domains. RESULTS: The cross-cultural adaptation was adequate. Post-AASTRE survey scores [mean (standard deviation, SD)] were significantly better in the domains learning environment [50.55 (SD 20.62) vs 60.76 (SD 23.66), p<.0001], perception of local leadership [47.98 (SD 23.57) vs 62.82 (SD 27.46), p<.0001], teamwork climate [51.19 (SD 18.55) vs 55.89 (SD 20.25), p=.031], safety climate [45.07 (SD 17.60) vs 50.36 (SD 19.65), p=.01], participation decision making [3 (SD 0.82) vs 3.65 (SD 0.87), p<.0001] and advancement in the organization [3.21 (SD 0.77) vs 4.04 (SD 0.77), p<.0001]. However, post-AASTRE scores were significantly worse in the domains workload and burnout climate. CONCLUSIONS: The cross-cultural adaptation of the SCORE survey into Spanish is a useful tool for ICUs. The application of the AASTRE is associated with improvements in six SCORE domains, including the safety climate.

Ventilación mecánica en España, 1998-2016: epidemiología y desenlaces / Mechanical ventilation in Spain, 1998-2016: Epidemiology and outcomes

OBJETIVO: Evaluar cambios en la epidemiología de la ventilación mecánica en España desde 1998 hasta 2016. DISEÑO: Análisis post-hoc de 4 estudios de cohortes. ÁMBITO: Un total de 138 UCI españolas. PACIENTES: Un total de 4.293 enfermos con ventilación mecánica invasiva más de 12h o no invasiva más de 1h. INTERVENCIONES: Ninguna. VARIABLES DE INTERÉS PRINCIPALES: Demográficas, motivo de ventilación mecánica, relacionadas con el soporte ventilatorio (modo de ventilación, volumen tidal, PEEP, presiones en vía aérea), complicaciones, duración de la ventilación mecánica, estancia y mortalidad en la UCI. RESULTADOS: Se observa aumento en la gravedad (SAPSII: 43 puntos en 1998 frente a 47 puntos en 2016), cambios en el motivo de la ventilación mecánica (disminución de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica e insuficiencia respiratoria secundaria a traumatismo y aumento de la patología neurológica y tras parada cardiaca). Aumento en la ventilación no invasiva como primer modo de soporte ventilatorio (p < 0,001). El modo más utilizado es la ventilación controlada por volumen con un aumento de la presión de soporte y de la ventilación controlada por volumen regulada por presión. Disminuyó el volumen tidal (9ml/kg de peso estimado en 1998 y 6,6ml/kg en 2016, p < 0,001) y aumentó la PEEP (3cmH2O en 1998 y 6cmH2O en 2016, p < 0,001). La mortalidad disminuye (34% en 1998 y 27% en 2016; p < 0,001) sin variabilidad geográfica (MOR 1,43; p = 0,258). CONCLUSIONES: Se observa una disminución en la mortalidad de los enfermos ventilados en UCI españolas. Esta disminución podría estar relacionada con cambios para minimizar el daño inducido por el ventilador

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in the epidemiology of mechanical ventilation in Spain from 1998 to 2016. DESIGN: A post hoc analysis of four cohort studies was carried out. SETTING: A total of 138 Spanish ICUs. PATIENTS: A sample of 4293 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 12h or noninvasive ventilation for more than 1h. INTERVENTIONS: None. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Demographic variables, reason for mechanical ventilation, variables related to ventilatory support (ventilation mode, tidal volume, PEEP, airway pressures), complications during mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and ICU mortality. RESULTS: There was an increase in severity (SAPSII: 43 points in 1998 vs. 47 points in 2016), changes in the reason for mechanical ventilation (decrease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure secondary to trauma, and increase in neurological disease and post-cardiac arrest). There was an increase in noninvasive mechanical ventilation as the first mode of ventilatory support (p < 0.001). Volume control ventilation was the most commonly used mode, with increased support pressure and pressure-regulated volume-controlled ventilation. A decrease in tidal volume was observed (9ml/kg actual b.w. in 1998 and 6.6ml/kg in 2016; p < 0.001) as well as an increase in PEEP (3cmH2O in 1998 and 6cmH2O in 2016; p < 0.001). In-ICU mortality decreased (34% in 1998 and 27% in 2016; p < 0.001), without geographical variability (median OR 1.43; p = 0.258). CONCLUSIONS: A significant decrease in mortality was observed in patients ventilated in Spanish ICUs. These changes in mortality could be related to modifications in ventilation strategy to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury

Mechanical ventilation in Spain, 1998-2016: Epidemiology and outcomes. / Ventilación mecánica en España, 1998-2016: epidemiología y desenlaces.

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in the epidemiology of mechanical ventilation in Spain from 1998 to 2016. DESIGN: A post hoc analysis of four cohort studies was carried out. SETTING: A total of 138 Spanish ICUs. PATIENTS: A sample of 4293 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 12h or noninvasive ventilation for more than 1h. INTERVENTIONS: None. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Demographic variables, reason for mechanical ventilation, variables related to ventilatory support (ventilation mode, tidal volume, PEEP, airway pressures), complications during mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and ICU mortality. RESULTS: There was an increase in severity (SAPSII: 43 points in 1998 vs. 47 points in 2016), changes in the reason for mechanical ventilation (decrease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure secondary to trauma, and increase in neurological disease and post-cardiac arrest). There was an increase in noninvasive mechanical ventilation as the first mode of ventilatory support (p<0.001). Volume control ventilation was the most commonly used mode, with increased support pressure and pressure-regulated volume-controlled ventilation. A decrease in tidal volume was observed (9ml/kg actual b.w. in 1998 and 6.6ml/kg in 2016; p<0.001) as well as an increase in PEEP (3cmH2O in 1998 and 6cmH2O in 2016; p<0.001). In-ICU mortality decreased (34% in 1998 and 27% in 2016; p<0.001), without geographical variability (median OR 1.43; p=0.258). CONCLUSIONS: A significant decrease in mortality was observed in patients ventilated in Spanish ICUs. These changes in mortality could be related to modifications in ventilation strategy to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury.

Transporte interhospitalario con membrana de oxigenación extracorpórea: cuestiones a resolver / Issues to resolve with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during interfacility transportation

El soporte extracorpóreo con membrana de oxigenación extracorpórea (ECMO) está indicado en pacientes resistentes al tratamiento, con shock cardiogénico o insuficiencia respiratoria y en aquellos pacientes reagudizados subsidiarios de trasplante cardiaco y pulmonar. La experiencia profesional y la cantidad de recursos necesarios son causas por las que se cree que la regionalización podría beneficiar a este tipo de pacientes a través del establecimiento de centros de referencia en ECMO y de la integración de una red de transporte especializado en ECMO. Debido a su mayor complejidad, este tipo de transporte supone un reto para los sistemas sanitarios y para los propios médicos, y requiere un abordaje multidisciplinar e interterritorial. El transporte en ECMO es más seguro que sin soporte mecánico, sin existir por el momento criterios de iniciación de la terapia en pacientes a trasladar, pudiendo ser necesarios criterios de menor gravedad en ellos. La formación y la especialización del equipo tanto en terapias de soporte extracorpóreo como en transporte interhospitalario, así como la sistematización de los traslados, pueden favorecer los resultados. No existen estudios acerca de las condiciones que deben cumplir los medios de transporte, siendo el espacio y la estabilidad características importantes. El traslado aéreo en ECMO supone una posibilidad cada vez más frecuente, existiendo datos sobre su seguridad, pero no sobre la fisiología del paciente en ECMO en altura, lo cual podría ayudar a la indicación y gestión de este tipo de transporte

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is indicated in patients who are refractory to treatment, those with cardiogenic shock or respiratory failure and those with exacerbations eligible for heart and lung transplantation. Physician experience and quantity of necessary resources are reasons why regionalization could benefit patients of this kind, establishing ECMO reference centers and integrating a transportation network specialized in ECMO. This type of transportation is a challenge for healthcare systems and physicians, given its greater complexity, requiring a multidisciplinary and inter-territorial approach. ECMO transportation is safer than without mechanical support, though there are currently no criteria for starting such therapy in patients being transferred. Criteria of lesser severity might be necessary for these patients. The training and specialization of the team in extracorporeal support therapies, interfacility transport and the systemization of transfer can improve the outcomes. There are no studies on the conditions that must be met by the transportation media, although space and stability are important characteristics. Air transfer with ECMO is an increasingly frequent option. Although there are data on its safety, there are none on the physiology of patients undergoing ECMO at high altitudes. Such information could be of help in the indication and management of this type of transportation

Issues to resolve with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during interfacility transportation. / Transporte interhospitalario con membrana de oxigenación extracorpórea: cuestiones a resolver.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is indicated in patients who are refractory to treatment, those with cardiogenic shock or respiratory failure and those with exacerbations eligible for heart and lung transplantation. Physician experience and quantity of necessary resources are reasons why regionalization could benefit patients of this kind, establishing ECMO reference centers and integrating a transportation network specialized in ECMO. This type of transportation is a challenge for healthcare systems and physicians, given its greater complexity, requiring a multidisciplinary and inter-territorial approach. ECMO transportation is safer than without mechanical support, though there are currently no criteria for starting such therapy in patients being transferred. Criteria of lesser severity might be necessary for these patients. The training and specialization of the team in extracorporeal support therapies, interfacility transport and the systemization of transfer can improve the outcomes. There are no studies on the conditions that must be met by the transportation media, although space and stability are important characteristics. Air transfer with ECMO is an increasingly frequent option. Although there are data on its safety, there are none on the physiology of patients undergoing ECMO at high altitudes. Such information could be of help in the indication and management of this type of transportation.

Encuesta nacional: espacio para mejorar / National survey: Room for improvement

No disponible

Complexity and uncertainty in the critical care of cancer patients in the era of immunotherapy and targeted therapies / Complejidad e incertidumbre en cuidados críticos para pacientes con cáncer en la era de la inmunoterapia y terapias dirigidas

No disponible

[Integral approach to the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. / Manejo integral del paciente con exacerbación aguda de la enfermedad pulmonar.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a set of clinical processes that have in common a chronic and progressive obstruction to airflow, with episodes of exacerbation. These exacerbations are more frequent and severe over time, deteriorating the lung function. The main cause of exacerbations is bacterial infection. There are multiple guidelines and documents that statement the management of this pathology. However, they focus primarily on the treatment during the stable phase. This document addresses the problem of acute exacerbation due to an infection from a multidisciplinary perspective, focusing on the integral approach to the process, and including etiology, microbiological studies, resistance to antimicrobials, risk stratification and initial empirical therapeutic management (antibiotic and concomitant). In addition, it includes an approach to more complex aspects such as the management of special populations (elderly and immunosuppressed) or therapeutic failure. Finally, more controversial topics such as prophylaxis of infection or palliative treatment are specifically discussed.